CIV 2018 - Lesson 5 Ebola virus

Ebola Virus

News about Ebola disease has triggered since 2014. Studies about Ebola started in approximately 1976. But in 2013 Ebola cases began to increase. Many people have studied about it, for example, Thomas Geisbert, a professor at the University of Texas Medical Branch has studied and tested drugs against Ebola for many years. There are no approved drugs or vaccines on the market, so several Ebola patients have received experimental medications. It is a dangerous virus that can cause people to get very sick and even die. It has killed 961 people. The virus has caused the biggest problems in western Africa, where an outbreak of Ebola has spread quickly. Medical experts all over the world are taking steps to stop Ebola and to treat the people who are sick.

Ebola was also called Ebola hemorrhagic fever because it can cause the body to hemorrhage. Ebola is very contagious and it is often life threatening. When people with Ebola are properly diagnosed, isolated, and cared for, the risk of passing the disease to others is low.

What Happens When Someone Has Ebola?

Ebola often starts with fever and headache, like the flu. People who have suffered from Ebola need to be cared for in a special way so that the disease doesn't spread to doctors, nurses, or others in their families and communities. The first child with Ebola died in a village in Guinea on December 6, 2013.

How Do People Get It?

Doctors aren't sure but they think that people have picked up the virus from contact with infected animals. Moreover, some tropical animals in Africa can carry the virus. Ebola spreads through direct contact with body fluids. People can get the virus by handling or touching an infected person's drops of blood, urine, saliva, or other body fluids. They also can get it through contact with objects that have been contaminated with infected blood or fluids.

Ebola can spread quickly within families and in treatment centers if caregivers don't wear the right protective equipment, like gloves and masks. Ebola doesn't spread through food or water like some viruses do. It doesn't travel through the air like cold or flu viruses do.

How Contagious Is It?

With Ebola, a person is contagious after he or she starts to feel sick from the virus. Many people have consulted about it. The virus can stay in the body for weeks after a person feels better. That's why it's so important for people who have had the virus to stay in medical care and away from other people.

How Do People Know They Have It?

The first signs of Ebola can appear from 2 to 21 days after someone has been exposed to the virus. Early signs of Ebola include: fever, headache, joint and muscle aches, weakness and tiredness, sore throat and chills. 

What Do Doctors Do?

Doctors might do tests, like liver function tests or blood tests. Most people who get Ebola need intensive care in an isolation unit at a hospital or other well-equipped medical center. Here's what hospital medical teams do for people with Ebola: give them lots of fluids to keep them well hydrated, keep their oxygen and blood pressure levels steady, give patients blood transfusions to replace lost blood and treat problems as they happen.

Some experimental treatments were completed for Ebola in recent years; and they have been effective when tested on animals, but are not officially approved for use in people.

How Do People Protect Themselves?

There is no vaccine to prevent Ebola, although scientists have worked hard to develop one. The best way to guard against Ebola infection is to avoid places that have had outbreaks.

If you are in a place where there's Ebola, you should:

·        avoid contact with people who are sick

·        wash your hands often

·        not touch or eat wild animals.

Ebola is one of the deadliest diseases known. But doctors are learning more about it all the time. Do you think this situation will change?

For more information, visit:

http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/situation-reports/en/

http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/10/14/more-ebola-vaccine-studies/17254175/

§  Complete the table with information related to the text in Spanish.

What?
When?
Where?
Why?
Who?
How?

 

§  Match the following as shown in the example.

Connector	visit: http://www.who.int/csr/disease
Imperative	might
Modal verb	person's drops
Possessive case	biggest
Suffix	if
Modal verb	tiredness
Superlative adjective	should  Diferencias del pretérito perfecto simple con el pasado simple ·        Énfasis en la acción o en el resultado Simple Past Present Perfect Simple Emphasis on action I bought a new bike yesterday. I have bought a new bike so I can ride with you. Emphasis on result ·        Si el período de tiempo ha finalizado o no Simple Past Present Perfect Simple The time period has finished I painted my house last week. I have painted my room this week. The time period has not finished ·        Si es información nueva o anterior Simple Past Present Perfect Simple You give older information He broke his leg last year. He has broken her leg again. You give recent news ·        Si es un momento específico o no Simple Past Present Perfect Simple The time is clear I saw the movie last Friday. I have seen that movie twice. The time is not specific ·        Si la acción ha finalizado o no (Uso de FOR and SINCE) Simple Past Present Perfect Simple For: the action is finished I lived there for two years. I have lived there for ten years. For /since: the action isn’t finished Referencias de tiempo Simple Past Present Perfect Simple yesterday Just (recién) last… Already (ya) …ago Since (desde) when she got married (past events) Ever (alguna vez) during the war… so far (hasta ahora) in 1980, on tuesday, etc. (past dates) lately / recently (últimamente, recientemente) Para finalizar… Empleamos el Pasado simple para eventos o acciones pasadas SIN relación con el presente. Empleamos el Presente perfecto para las acciones que comenzaron en el pasado y continúan en el presente, o para acciones finalizadas con relación con el presente. No se puede emplear el Presente perfecto con una referencia de tiempo que implique tiempo finalizado. En el Presente perfecto siempre hay una relación entre el presente y el pasado o viceversa, una idea pasada pero con resultados en el presente. El tiempo de la acción es anterior al ahora sin especificar y generalmente estamos más interesados en el resultado que en la acción en sí.

CIV 2018 Lesson 1: Integrating knowledge

Lesson 1: Integrating knowledge

How could we live without the Internet?

That is how most of us keep in touch with friends, find homework support, and research a cool place to visit, work or find out the latest news. Of course, the Internet is home to millions of places you can and should visit. Like an infinite library, the Web can take you to the ends of the earth with the information it contains.

Millions of people now use computers regularly for many different reasons: communication, study, entertainment and more. We often hear that computers changed our lives for better, that our lives were better. But do they really change our lives for better?

Computers can be the best machines. However, they can cause many problems, for example: people who use computers a lot can get physical problems, the eyesight gets worse, and there can be injuries in the users’ hands and arms. People who have computers are spending more time sitting down and less time exercising; so they are becoming overweight. Other problems are physiological; the worst is stress: people feel under a lot of pressure to do everything more quickly, which is stressful and worrying.

Addiction is also a problem with young people: they spend hours and hours with their computers. Some studies suggest that young children and teenagers who spend many hours at computers may get lonely and depressed. We must change this! Computers can be a positive part of children’s lives but parent and teacher need to help them use the computer in responsible and creative ways. Lack of sleep is also a growing problem among young people. It is OK to be connected but how useful can one be if you're exhausted?  Below, a list of tips to help young people:

1.    Log off your instant messenger, Facebook, and email. Pings in the middle of the night can interrupt your sleep — even if you don't get up to answer them. And, more than likely, if your friends see that you're logged out, they'll log out too.

2.    Get in the habit of powering off your computer — especially if it's in your room. Sometimes just logging off your instant messenger or Facebook is not enough. Blinking lights and glowing screens can make it harder to fall and stay asleep.

3.    Make getting enough sleep your way to look and feel good. Getting sleep is a great way to look and feel refreshed and focused in the morning. To get the sleep you need, tell your friends you will receive your last text, email, or phone call an hour before bedtime. This way, they'll know their beeps or buzzes will have to wait.

Another aspect to be considered is online safety. The key is to protect you while online. Experts recommend that people keep online friendships in the virtual world. Meeting online friends face to face carries more risks than other types of friendships because it's so easy for people to pretend to be something they're not when you can't see them or talk in person.

If you ever get involved in a chat room conversation that makes you feel uncomfortable or in danger for any reason, exit and tell a parent or other adult right away so they can report the incident. If we don’t react now, will this situation improve?

Computer advantages	Computer problems
Safety online	Tips to stay disconnected
Adjective	Comparative adjective
Superlative adjective	Adverb
Definite and indefinite article	Existence
Connector + function	Imperative
Modal verb + function	Noun-noun
Possessive case	Simple present
Present continuous	Simple future
Conditional sentence	Spending (verb, adj or noun?)
Logged/logging (difference)	Worrying (verb, adj or noun?)
Simple Past	Infinitive of purpose