CIV 2018 - Lesson 6 EYES

LESSON 6 EYES

  Answer the following questions in Spanish.

1.     What do you know about the eye?

2.    Do you have any visual problems?

3.    What do you do to protect your eyes?

§  Use your own words to explain the following phrases:

eye movement
poor eyesight
the roman writer Seneca
an interesting fact
contact lenses

§   Read the following text and make a map of it (use a sheet of paper).

The secret of your eyes

The black centre of the eye is called the pupil. When we see something we like our pupils expand- or dilate, but when we see something we don't like they get smaller- or shrink. So when lovers gaze into each other's eyes their pupils are usually dilated. If they see small pupils in the other's eyes something will seem wrong and they will start to worry.

Eye movement can be used to show certain emotions, like anger, boredom or displeasure. When people's eyes move upwards they are often angry or displeased. Eyes which move quickly from side to side suggest nervousness or guilt, and eyes which look down suggest sadness or shyness.

People have always been affected by poor eyesight but for thousands of years there was nothing they could do about it. In the first century AD the Roman writer Seneca looked at words through water to make them appear larger. In the thirteenth century Roger Bacon discovered that looking through glass made words and details bigger. And in the fourteenth century an interesting fact about the Chinese was reported by Marco Polo: glasses for reading were being used y old men. Nowadays, with all the different styles, a person's glasses tell you a lot about their personality. Some people, however, don't like glasses and wear contact lenses instead.

How can you help your eyes? The food on your plate can protect your eyes. Age-related vision problems such as macular degeneration and cataracts might be avoided by the consumption of nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, lutein, zinc, and vitamins C and E. This has been proved by recent studies. Regularly eating these foods can help lead to good eye health:

Green, leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale, and collards

Salmon, tuna, and other oily fish

Eggs, nuts, beans, and other non-meat protein sources

Oranges and other citrus fruits or juices

A healthy weight can be maintained by a well balanced diet, which makes you less likely to get disease which is related to obesity such as type 2 diabetes. Blindness in adults is mainly caused by diabetes.

What can we do to protect our eyesight? The risk of vision loss from eye diseases can be lowered if adults:

·        Control blood pressure and cholesterol

·        Stay active and exercise regularly

·        Get a complete eye exam from an eye care professional

“We all know the steps we should take to take better care of ourselves,” said Sherry Williams, President & CEO of Prevent Blindness Ohio. “What we want to stress is how leading a healthy life can help lead to healthy vision.” So the future of your eyesight depends on you!!

§  Complete the table with key words from the text.

§  Complete the table with cognates from the text.

The main idea is the most important part of a story.

§  Write the main idea of the text IN SPANISH.

§  TRUE or FALSE? Justify the false statements.

	True	False	Justification
Marco Polo invented the glasses.
Lovers usually have small pupils.
People in the past did not have eyesight problems.
Type 2 diabetes is a disease which is related to obesity.
The control of blood pressure and cholesterol, can improve your eyesight.

GRAMMAR IN USE

§  Revision Task. Complete the following table with information from the text.

Adjective
Adverb
Definite article
Cognate
Connector
Indefinite article
Imperative
Modal verb
Noun-noun
Possessive case
Present Continuous
Simple Past
Simple Present
Superlative adjective
Relative clauses

PASSIVE VOICE

Active Voice Felipe Pigna wrote books about Argentine myths.

Passive Voice: Some books about Argentine myths were written by Felipe Pigna.

¿Cuál es la diferencia entre la Voz Activa y la Voz Pasiva?

La voz pasiva se utiliza para poner el foco en la acción. No es importante o conocido quién o qué realiza la acción sino lo que sucedió.

E.g.

My car was stolen.

Mi auto fue robado.

Ej.

En el ejemplo anterior el foco de atención está en el hecho que mi auto fue robado, no sé quién lo hizo.

Algunas veces un ejemplo en voz pasiva es más formal que en voz activa, como lo muestra el siguiente ejemplo:

E.g.

A mistake was made

Un error fue cometido / Se cometió un error.

Ej.

En este caso, ponemos el foco de atención en el hecho de que se cometió un error, pero sin culpar a nadie (ej.: You have made a mistake / Vos cometiste un error; Vos te equivocaste.).

Verbal Tense	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Simple Present	Paul writes a poem	A poem is written by Paul
Present Continuous	Paul is writing a poem	A poem is being written by Paul.
Present Perfect	Paul has written a poem.	A poem has been written by Paul.
Simple Past	Paul wrote a poem.	A poem was written by Paul.
Past Continuous	Paul was writing a poem.	A poem was being written by Paul.
Future Simple	Paul will write a poem	A poem will be written by Paul.
Modal verbs	Paul can write a poem. Paul may write a poem. Paul must write a poem. Paul should /ought to write a poem.	A poem can be written by Paul. A poem may be written by Paul. A poem must be written by Paul. A poem should/ ought to be written by Paul.

El agente en las oraciones en voz pasiva

La mayoría de las oraciones en voz pasiva en inglés no incluyen el agente, construcción que indica quién o qué realiza la acción. Sin embargo el agente existe y se señala a través de una frase preposicional que comienza con la preposición by.

A poem is written by Paul. agente

Más ejemplos:

a.    My car was stolen by someone.

b.    A decision has been made by the group.

c.     Much tobacco is grown in Eastern Europe by farmers.

d.    A new president has been elected by the voters.

e.    Both French and English are spoken in Canada by the populace.

Si bien en estos ejemplos figura un agente, éste es innecesario porque no aporta ninguna información relevante.

Utilizamos el agente cuando:

1.    Es un nombre propio que indica un artista, un pintor, un descubridor, etc.

a.    The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.

b.    The Americas were discovered by Christopher Columbus.

c.     The first computer was built by Charles Babbage.

d.    Rubber was first vulcanized by Charles Goodyear.

2.    Es una frase nominal que expresa nueva información importante de señalar.

a.    These works of art were all produced by a woman.

b.    The corner store was robbed by a masked gunman.

3.    Es un sustantivo inanimado de actuación/aparición inesperada:

a.    Thirteen people were injured by a tornado in Florida.

b.    All the lights in this building are controlled by computers.

GRAMMAR IN USE

§  Read the article “The Secret of your Eyes” again and identify examples of Passive Voice, complete the following chart.

Verbal Tense	Example
Simple Present 1	Six interactive modules are presented to the children
Simple Present 2
Simple Past
Present Perfect
Modal Verb 1
Modal Verb 2

§  Read the article once more and identify examples of Passive Voice in which an agent if present. Explain its use.

Example	Use